医学专业英语1-4单元术语解释、短语和课后习题答案

　 Chapter 1

　Human Body as a Whole

　 Medical Terminology

　 Learn the following combining forms, prefixes and suffixes

　and write the meaning of the medical term in the space provided. 1. a hormone secreted from the adrenal gland 2. inflammation of the adrenal gland

　 3. pertaining to medicine 4. pertaining to biology

　 5. pertaining to chemistry

　 6. pertaining to the blood vessel

　 7. pertaining to cells 8. pertaining to molecules

　 9. pertaining to the medicine of the living thing 10. the study of the living thing

　11. pertaining to the physics of the living thing

　12. the study of the heart

　 13. the disease of the heart 14. the record of the heart waves 15. the study of the human inner secretion from glands 16. pertaining to the production of hormone 17. the study of inner gland secretion

　 18. the red blood cell 19. the white blood cell

　 20. the lymph cell

　 21. the study of cell

　 22. the study of chemistry of cell 23. the study of biology of cell

　 24. the study of embryo 25. the tumor of the embryo

　 26. the study of the disease of the embryo 27. the study of the human inner secretion from glands 28. pertaining to the inside of the heart 29. pertaining to the inside of the cell 30. above the skin

　31. above the skin

　 32. inflammation of the skin

　33. red blood cells

　34. instrument of measuring red blood cells

　35. to breathe out the waste gas

　 36. to drive somebody or something out

　37. to spread outside 38. sth that produces diseases

　39. the study of

　blood

　 40. blood cells

　41. the study of tissues

　 42. the study of tissue pathology 43. therapy treatment, hence tissue treatment

　 44. pertaining to the base

　45. pertaining to the toxin 46. pertaining to symptoms

　 47. the study of body’s auto protection from diseases 48. protected from

　49. deficiency in the immune system of the body 50. substance from the adrenal gland

　51. water from it 52. the study of societies

　53. the study of urinary system

　 54. the study of cell

　55. lymph cells

　56. tumor of the lymphatic system

　 57. the study of the lymphatic system

　 58. the study of physical growth

　 59. a doctor of internal medicine

　 60. treatment by physiological methods

　61. the new growth ,tumor

　 62. the study of mind 63. abnormal condition of the mind

　 64. the study of the relationship between psychology and biology 65. a condition of over activity of the thyroid gland

　66. the condition of under activity of the thyroid gland 67. the inflammation of the thyroid gland

　 68.cutting apart the human body as a branch of medical sciences 69. cut open the bone

　70.to cut the heart open 71. pertaining to the blood vessel

　 72. inflammation of the blood vessel

　73. pertaining to the lymphatic system and the blood vessel

　 Key to the Exercises B. 1. （embryo）embryology

　 2.

　(process/condition) mechanism 3. (heart) cardiovascular

　4.

　(color)

　chromatin 5. (secretion) endocrinology

　 6.

　(cell)

　cytology 7. (sth. that produces or is produced)

　pathogen 8. (lymph)

　lymphatic

　 9.

　(the study of)

　psychology 10.

　(pertaining to)

　regular

　Language Points: put

　together 组成

　known

　as 叫做

　joints between bones 关节

　to provide points of attachment for the muscles that move the body 牵动骨骼肌引起各种运动

　 hip joint 髋关节

　 flexible 有韧性的

　 cushioning 缓冲

　replaced by bone 骨化

　 one bone moves in relation to the other 两骨彼此靠近产生运动

　contents 物质 nourishment 营养物质

　function 发挥功能

　waste products 废物

　accumulate 积聚

　 poison the body 危害生命

　distributes 运送

　needed materials 有用的物质

　unneeded ones 废物

　 is made up of 包括

　 protect…against foreign invaders 防止外来侵袭（See! Power Point）

　identical 对等的

　receives 吸收

　 traveled through 流经

　forced out 压送

　 reenter 流入

　directly 直接地

　 channels 管道

　filters 过滤

　larynx 喉管

　 trachea 气管

　 two lungs 左右肺

　 very large number of 大量的

　air spaces 肺泡

　 release 释放出

　 extending 延伸到

　broken down 分解

　absorbed into 吸收进

　chewing 咀嚼

　 esophagus 食管

　 Key to the Section B Passage 1 Exercises B. 1. (The skeletal system consists of bones, joints and soft bones.) 2. (Heart is generated when muscles are contracted, which helps keep the body temperature

　constant.) 3. (The circulation of blood carries useful materials to all body cells while removing waste ones.)

　 4. (Oxygen is inhaled and carbon dioxide is exhaled in the process of respiration.) 5. (The digestion of food involves both mechanical and chemical

　procedures.) 6. (The urinary system keeps normal levels of water and of certain chemicals in the body.) 7. (The pituitary is a major gland located under the brain in the middle of the head.) 8. (The brain collects and processes information and then sends instructions to all parts of the

　body to be carried out.) 9. (The main function of the male reproductive system is to generate, transport and keep active male sex cells.) 10. (The largest of the body’s organs, the skin protects the inner structure of the body with a complete layer.)

　 Key to the Section A

　Passage 1

　 Exercises E. 1. cardiovascular diseases

　 2. function of the pituitary 3.

　the urinary tract

　 4. molecules

　5.

　artery

　6. endocrinology 7.

　dyspnea / difficulty in respiration

　 8. saliva 9.

　histology

　10. blood

　circulation 11. hematology

　12. physiology 13. anatomy

　 14. the female reproductive 15. nervous cells

　 16. immunology 17. indigestion / poor in digestion

　 18. voluntary muscle

　19. embryology

　20. psychology

　 Section B, Passage 2

　Cells and Tissues Language Points Organized 组（构）成

　 arranged in to 构成

　 in turn are grouped into 又进一步组成

　serves its specific 有特定的

　bear in mind 记住

　result from 源于

　billions 亿万

　determind 确立

　 fit on 合在一起

　by contrast 相比之下

　machinary 机构

　while normally 在正常情况下

　function with great efficiency 高效地发挥作用

　 are subject to 易于发生

　 result in 导致

　 millionth 百万分之一 equal 等于

　average 一般

　 a speck barely visible 基本上看不见的一个小点

　 The science that deals with cells on the smalleststructural and functional level is called molecular biology.从最小的结构及功能水平研究细胞的科学叫分子生物学。

　living jelly 生命胶囊

　encloses 覆盖

　 is done 完成

　external 以外的

　 semipermeable 半透性的

　 phospholipid 磷脂（膜）

　intact 完整

　 distribute分布

　 diffusion 扩散

　 dissolved 分解

　 pinocytosis 胞饮作用

　breaks loose 分裂出来

　drifts into 进入

　varies from---to 在---范围内变化

　depending on 取决于

　vanish 消失

　stiffening 增强剂

　 glucose 葡萄糖

　run through 交织

　twists through 交织穿过 stacks 堆

　appear to 看来

　 play a part in 对---起作用

　hereditary traits 细胞特性

　strands 条串

　 too thinly strung 过于稀疏 spherical structure 球体状

　cavities 孔穴

　 coordinates 协调

　Key to the Exercises B 1. cytology

　2. protoplasm

　3.cell membrane

　4. cell nucleus

　5. cytoplasm

　6. deoxyribonucleic acid 7. semipermeable

　 8. molecular biology

　 9. carbodydrate 10. differentially

　 11. to keep …. intact

　12. on the evidence of …

　13.hereditary trait

　 14. diffusion 15. transaction

　16. blueprint

　17. chromosome

　18. pigment

　19. to excrete waste liquid

　20. to disperse 21. impulse

　22. ribonucleic acid

　 Key to the Exercises C 1. 细胞质的各处以及沿着胞浆网有数量很多的核糖体。

　2. 位于细胞上的叫做“小穴”的小室收集化学信号，并把它们传送到细胞。

　3. 研究细胞的科学家已经确立：一个细胞可能有一个网球那么大，也可能成千上万个细胞合在一起才有针尖那么大。

　4. 对于那些单细胞的有机体而言，这种液体是题细胞以外的水，即海洋、湖泊或小溪；但对于多细胞的生物而言，这种媒介就是生物体的一部分——对于植物来讲

　 是它的汁液， 对于动物来讲是它的血液。

　 Chapter 2

　Diseases and Disorders Medical Terminology Learn the following combining forms, prefixes and suffixes and write the meaning of the medical term in the space provided. 1. without symptoms

　2. lack of blood

　3. pertaining to the condition of lacking shape 4. cutting apart the body as a branch of medical sciences 5. examination through separation, taking things apart 6. a specialist whose work is to carry out analysis

　7. the x-ray photo of the blood vessel 8. surgical repaie of the vessel

　 9. inflammation of the blood vessel 10. destroys or weakens bacteria or neutralizes the poison they produce 11. stimulates the production of antibodies 12. destroys or inhibits the growth of microorganisms such as bacteria 13. sth to do with the lungs

　14. pertaining to the urinary tract 15. pertaining to heredity

　16.not enough; lack 17. no longer generate, produce, go down 18. ribonucleic acid without oxygen 19. the complete knowledge about a patient 20. complete separation of waste matter from … 21. a cross measurement of a round surface 22. the machine which records the heart electric waves 23. the record of the muscle electric wave

　 24. the record of electric wave of the brain 25. within a particular group of people

　26. to close in 27. to swallow in

　28. complete knowledge of a patient 29. the state of knowing sth before it actually occurs 30. record of electric wave of the heart

　31. an x-ray photo of the blood vessel

　 32. an x-ray photo of the muscle（spinal cord）

　 33.the machine which records the heart electric waves 34. the instrument which measures the time 35. the instrument which measures the breath 36. the process of taking X-ray photograph

　37. the process of using ultra sound to detect the abnormality of the body 38. inflammation of the liver

　39. the cell of the liver 40. pertaining to the liver and stomach

　 41. inflammation of the colon

　 42. inflammation of the stomach 43. inflammation of the intestine 44. the process of taking x-ray photos of the breasts 45. x-ray photos of the breasts

　 46. surgical reconstruction of the breasts 47. the instrument for measuring amount of a...